PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.